Safe transportation and loading and unloading of t

Safe transportation and loading and unloading of inflammable and explosive chemicals

there are four transportation modes of dangerous goods: road transportation, railway transportation, waterway transportation and pipeline transportation. At present, the most important transportation modes in China are road transportation, railway transportation and waterway transportation. As far as Beijing is concerned, highway transportation is the most common way in our daily management, which is discussed as the focus in this book

the "three passes" should be well controlled for the safety of dangerous goods transportation, namely, loading, transportation and unloading

(I) common fire causes during transportation and loading and unloading

(1) loading and unloading violate the operating procedures. In the process of loading and unloading inflammable and explosive chemicals, it is easy to cause friction, impact, static electricity and fire by falling, touching, dragging, tumbling and barbaric operation in violation of the operating procedures. For example, when an oil tanker in a city unloaded oil at a gas station, it did not connect the electrostatic discharge device as required, causing the electrostatic spark to ignite the oil vapor at the oil discharge port and cause a fire

(2) the packaging is unqualified or the goods are not stacked firmly. If the inflammable and explosive chemicals with unqualified packaging are loaded on the vehicle or stacked loosely on the vehicle, it is very easy to cause accidents.

(3) the technical conditions of the vehicle are poor. Vehicles transporting dangerous goods should be in good technical condition and meet the requirements of the goods shipped, otherwise they are prone to accidents and continue to promote transformation and upgrading

(4) illegal driving

(5) mixed loading and mixing. Dangerous goods of different properties cannot be transported in the same vehicle

(6) improper fire extinguishing methods lead to the expansion of the fire

(7) vehicles are parked at will. Inflammables and explosives should be driven according to the designated route in the urban area during transportation. Parking is not allowed in urban areas, densely populated areas, and places where the pressure plate size is customized according to the pipe size and there is a fire source

(II) highway transportation operations

1. Technical requirements for transportation tools and equipment

(1) the mechanical part of the vehicle must be in good technical condition, especially the braking, direction and other parts according to the data

(2) the carriage and bottom plate must be flat and intact, the railings around the carriage must be firm, and the carriage with iron bottom plate should be padded, such as rubber pad

(3) the top of the vehicle cab shall be equipped with a sign light with black words "dangerous goods" on a yellow background

(4) corresponding fire-fighting facilities and tools must be equipped according to the characteristics of the transported goods

(5) transport vehicles must comply with the requirements of the national standard "signs of vehicles transporting dangerous goods on roads", and be installed with grounding devices and safety belt impact testing machines, which conform to the following specifications: fire retardant equipment

(6) vehicles carrying removable cans must be equipped with effective fastening devices

(7) the tanker transporting pressure vessels such as liquefied petroleum gas must meet the requirements of the regulations on the safety management of liquefied petroleum gas tanker

2. Requirements before transportation operation

(1) drivers, escorts and relevant personnel engaged in the transportation of flammable and explosive chemicals must carry out post safety knowledge training and professional knowledge training in accordance with relevant national regulations, and be on duty with post qualification certificate.

(2) drivers and escorts should understand the physical and chemical properties of flammable and explosive chemicals transported each time, master the safety operation procedures and emergency treatment measures, and wear corresponding protective articles during operation

(3) transportation vehicles must be qualified for the transportation of flammable and explosive chemicals

(4) take all kinds of certificates when leaving the car; The vehicle tools and fire-fighting equipment must be complete and good, and the carriage should be cleaned, and there should be no residues that conflict with the nature of the transported items; The safety technical condition of the vehicle must be checked

(5) pay attention to the weather during transportation.